Mystery Shopping†the Miracle Tool in Business Research

VOLUME NO. 3 (2013), ISSUE N O. 01 (J ANUARY) ISSN 2231-5756 A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed (Refereed/Juried) Open Access International e-Journal †Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed and Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory  ©, ProQuest, U. S. A. , EBSCO Publishing, U. S. A. , Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U. S. A. , Open J-Gage, India [link of the equivalent is properly accessible at Inflibnet of University Grants Commission (U. G. C. ], Index Copernicus Publishers Panel, Poland with IC Value of 5. 09 and number of libraries all around the globe. Coursed everywhere throughout the world and Google has checked that researchers of in excess of 2022 Cities in 153 nations/regions are visiting our diary on ordinary premise. Ground Floor, Building No. 1041-C-1, Devi Bhawan Bazar, JAGADHRI †135 003, Yamunanagar, Haryana, INDIA http://ijrcm. organization. in/VOLUME NO. 3 (2013), ISSUE N O. 01 (J ANUARY) ISSN 2231-5756 CON TENTS Sr. No. TITLE and NAME OF THE AUTHOR (S)HIERARCHY PROCESS MOJGAN RIAZI, DR. YOUNOS VAKIL ALROAIA and DR. ALI AKBAR AMIN BIDOKHTI ASSOCIATION OF TRAINING PRACTICES WITH JOB SATISFACTION IN PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS RIZWAN BASHIR and FARZANA BASHIR STUDYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL CAPITAL AND TALENT MANAGEMENT IN IRAN STATE MANAGEMENT TRAINING CENTER (SMTC) SAYED ALI AKBAR AHMADI, MOHAMMAD ALI SARLAK, MUSA MAHDAVI, MOHAMMAD REZA DARAEI and SAMIRA GHANIABADI CONTEMPLATIVE SCRUTINY OF THE ADEQUACY OF HERZBERG’S MOTIVATION-HYGIENETHEORY: A VERDICT OF JOB SATISFACTION IN THE MID LEVEL MANAGER IN TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY ABU ZAFAR AHMED MUKUL, SHAH JOHIR RAYHAN and MD. SHAKIB HOSSAIN PLANNING AND MANAGING A SCHEDULED SERVICE DR. IGNATIUS A. NWOKORO REAL INCOME, INFLATION, AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIA (1970-2005) Dr. OWOLABI A. USMAN and ADEGBITE TAJUDEEN ADEJARE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM SHIFT ADEYEMI, A.ADEKUNLE T HE EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT’S EFFECTIVENESS ON E-LEARNING: A CASE STUDY ON PAYAME NOOR UNIVERSITY OF IRAN BAHAREH SHAHRIARI and KIARASH JAHANPOUR THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND JOB SATISFACTION AMONG PROFESSIONAL STAFF IN VIETNAMESE CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES NGUYEN PHI TAN ANALYSIS OF LIQUIDITY OF SELECTED PRIVATE SECTOR INDIAN BANKS SULTAN SINGH, SAHILA CHOUDHRY and MOHINA PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT OF PUBLIC SECTORS BANKS IN INDIA DR. BHAVET, PRIYA JINDAL and DR. SAMBHAV GARG IMBIBE ETHICAL EDUCATION DR. T.SREE LATHA and SAVANAM CHANDRA SEKHAR MODELING INDIAN MONSOON (RAINFALL) VOLATILITY AS AN INDEX BASED RISK TRANSFER PRODUCT D P. SHIVKUMAR, M PRABHU and DR. G. KOTRESHWAR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES IN MEGHALAYA MUSHTAQ MOHMAD SOFI and DR. Unforgiving VARDHAN JHAMB REGRESSION MODELS M. VENKATARAMANAIAH and M. SUDARSANA RAO EFFECTIVENESS OF EMPLOYEE RETENTION TECHNIQUES ADOPTED BY BPO COMPANIES WITH REFERENCE TO CHENNAI DR. RANJITHAM . D ROLE OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN INDIA SHABANA, SONIKA CHOUDHARY and DR. M. L.GUPTA AN EXAMINATION OF LONG-RUN AND SHORT-RUN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRUDE OIL PRICE, GOLD PRICE, EXCHANGE RATE AND INDIAN STOCK MARKET R. KANAKARAJAMMAL, S. PAULRAJ and M. V. ARULALAN MYSTERY SHOPPING†THE MIRACLE TOOL IN BUSINESS RESEARCH SHAKEEL-UL-REHMAN and A. VELSAMY THE EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION BETWEEN EMOTIONAL COMPETENCE AND WORK PERFORMANCE OF INDIAN SALES PEOPLE DR. RITIKA SHARMA MARKETING OF BRANDED PRODUCT IN RURAL AREA: A CONCEPTUAL BASED STUDY ON RURAL MARKET PANKAJ ARORA and AJITHA PRASHANT A STUDY ON EMPLOYEES JOB SATISFACTION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COACH FACTORY P.MANONMANI and V. UMA E-CRM APPLICATION IN INSURANCE SECTOR AND RETENTION OF CUSTOMERS DASH BISWAMOHAN. and MISHRA RADHAKRISHNA THE USAGE OF SIX SIGMA TOOLS IN BRINGING DOWN THE DEFECTS IN THE HR PROCESSES SREEJA K and MINTU THANKACHAN WOMEN EMERGING GLOBALLY AS THE POTENTIAL MARKET: REASONS , IMPLICATIONS AND ISSUES DR. JAYA PALIWAL URBAN RESIDENTIAL WATER SUPPLY IN GADAG TOWN IN KARNATAKA STATE DR. H BHARADI TECHNICAL ANALYSIS: A TOOL TO MEASURE MARKET VOLATILITY G. B. SABARI RAJAN CO-BRANDED CREDIT CARD †A TAILOR-MADE PRODUCT NICHE FOR CONSUMERS DR.A. JESU KULANDAIRAJ A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION WITH SERVICE QUALITY IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS DR. SAMBHAV GARG, PRIYA JINDAL and DR. BHAVET EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE (EI): AN IMPERATIVE SKILL FOR MANAGERS IN THE GLOBAL WORKPLACE SMARTY MUKUNDAN Page No. 1. THE EXTENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF PERSONALITY INDICATORS OF INDEPENDENT ENTREPRENEUR THROUGH USING GROUP ANALYTICAL 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 8 14 21 29 34 40 45 49 54 57 63 66 72 83 86 91 94 101 104 111 120 123 128 136 140 144 150 153 157 160 REQUEST FOR FEEDBACK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN COMMERCE, IT and MANAGEMENT A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed (Refereed/Juried) Open Access International e-Journal †Included in the International Serial Directories ii http://ijrcm. organization. in/VOLUME NO. 3 (2013), ISSUE N O. 01 (J ANUARY) ISSN 2231-5756 CHIEF PATRON PROF. K. K. AGGARWAL Chancellor, Lingaya’s University, Delhi Founder Vice-Chancellor, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi Ex.Pro Vice-Chancellor, Guru Jambheshwar University, Hisar FOUNDER PATRON LATE SH. Smash BHAJAN AGGARWAL Former State Minister for Home and Tourism, Government of Haryana Former Vice-President, Dadri Education Society, Charkhi Dadri Former President, Chinar Syntex Ltd. (Material Mills), Bhiwani COCO-ORDINATOR AMITA Faculty, Government M. S. , Mohali ADVISORS DR. PRIYA RANJAN TRIVEDI Chancellor, The Global Open University, Nagaland PROF. M. S. SENAM RAJU Director A. C. D. , School of Management Studies, I. G. N. O. U. , New Delhi PROF. M. N. SHARMA Chairman, M.B. A. , Haryana College of Technology and Management, Kaithal PROF. S. L. MAHANDRU Principal (Retd. ), Maharaja Agrasen College, Jagadhri EDITOR PROF. R. K. SHARMA Professor, Bharti Vidyapeeth University Institute of Management and Research, New Delhi COCO-EDITOR DR. BHAVET Faculty, M. M. Organization of Management, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD DR. RAJESH MODI Faculty, Yanbu Industrial College, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia PROF. SANJIV MITTAL University School of Management Studies, Guru Gobind Singh I.P. College, Delhi PROF. ANIL K. SAINI Chairperson (CRC), Guru Gobind Singh I. P. College, Delhi DR. SAMBHAVNA Faculty, I. I. T. M. , Delhi INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN COMMERCE, IT and MANAGEMENT A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed (Refereed/Juried) Open Access International e-Journal †Included in the International Serial Directories iii http://ijrcm. organization. in/VOLUME NO. 3 (2013), ISSUE N O. 01 (J ANUARY) ISSN 2231-5756 DR. MOHENDER KUMAR GUPTA Associate Professor, P. J. L. N. Gove rnment College, Faridabad DR. SHIVAKUMAR DEENE Asst.Professor, Dept. of Commerce, School of Business Studies, Central University of Karnataka, Gulbarga ASSOCIATE EDITORS PROF. NAWAB ALI KHAN Department of Commerce, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U. P. PROF. ABHAY BANSAL Head, Department of Information Technology, Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Noida PROF. A. SURYANARAYANA Department of Business Management, Osmania University, Hyderabad DR. SAMBHAV GARG Faculty, M. M. Organization of Management, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana PROF. V. SELVAMSSL, VIT University, Vellore DR. PARDEEP AHLAWAT Associate Professor, Institute of Management Studies and Research, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak DR. S. TABASSUM SULTANA Associate Professor, Department of Business Management, Matrusri Institute of P. G. Studies, Hyderabad SURJEET SINGH Asst. Educator, Department of Computer Science, G. M. N. (P. G. ) College, Ambala Cantt. Sp ecialized ADVISOR AMITA Faculty, Government M. S. , Mohali FINANCIAL ADVISORS DICKIN GOYAL Advocate and Tax Adviser, Panchkula NEENA Investment Consultant, Chambaghat, Solan, Himachal PradeshLEGAL ADVISORS JITENDER S. CHAHAL Advocate, Punjab and Haryana High Court, Chandigarh U. T. CHANDER BHUSHAN SHARMA Advocate and Consultant, District Courts, Yamunanagar at Jagadhri SUPERINTENDENT SURENDER KUMAR POONIA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN COMMERCE, IT and MANAGEMENT A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed (Refereed/Juried) Open Access International e-Journal †Included in the International Serial Directories iv http://ijrcm. organization. in/VOLUME NO. 3 (2013), ISSUE N O. 01 (J ANUARY) ISSN 2231-5756 CALL FOR MANUSCRIPTSWe welcome unpublished novel, unique, observational and great examination work relating to ongoing advancements and practices in the territory of Computer, Business, Finance, Marketing, Human Resource Management, General Management, Banking, Insurance, Corporate Governance and rising ideal models in unified subjects like Accounting Education; Accounting Information Systems; Accounting Theory and Practice; Auditing; Behavioral Accounting; Behavioral Economics; Corporate Finance; Cost Accounting; Econometrics; Economic Development; Economic History; Financial Institutions and Markets; Financial Services; Fiscal Policy; Government and Non ProfitAccounting; Industrial Organization; International Economics and Trade; International Finance; Macro Economics; Micro Economics; Monetary Policy; Portfolio and Security Analysis; Public Policy Economics; Real Estate; Regional Economics; Tax Accounting; Advertising and Promotion Management; Business Education; Management Information Systems (MIS); Business Law, Public Responsibility and Ethics; Communication; Direct Marketing; E-Commerce; Global Business; Health Care Administration; Labor Relations and Human Resource Management; Marketing Research; Marketing Theory and Applications; NonProfit Organizati ons; Office Administration/Management; Operations Research/Statistics; Organizational Behavior and Theory; Organizational Development; Production/Operations; Public A

Introduction for Postnatal Depression (PND) Essay

Presentation for Postnatal Depression (PND) - Essay Example irth yet these issues are particular from postnatal sorrow by methods for dominance, the clinical exhibition of the ailment, the hour of beginning, time of sickness, and time of repeat of ailment. The most normal dysfunctional behavior connected with post pregnancy and birth of the kid is unipolar sadness either major or minor, this downturn can happen to any ladies whenever after the labor and inside the principal postnatal year. Postnatal melancholy is primarily second to ladies with cesarean cases, as these cases bring about progressively visit complexities during and after labor (Walsh, pp. 24-29, 2009). During the most recent couple of years, the offices and administrations rendered to the normal ladies, moms and their babies have experienced significant upgrades commending with exponential decrease in death pace of newborn children and the anticipating ladies (Affonso et al, pp. 255-271, 1991). These enhancements are because of the advancement in various offices, for example, obstetrics and medication, bettered obstetric gauges, significantly better birthing assistance care and concern, and the improvement in wellbeing training, social help, strength of individuals and s upport of general clean condition. In any case, the part of mental social insurance has not accomplished such incredible enhancements so as to lessen the psychological maladjustment and sadness among the anticipating ladies, moms and their newborn children. The wide scope of variety in side effects of the psychological sickness can bring about trouble in finding of postnatal melancholy (Affonso et al, pp. 255-271, 1991). The circumstance gets much progressively troublesome when the ladies need more information to comprehend the manifestations as indications of melancholy or if the mortal side effects have more prominent impact than the side effects of psychological sicknesses. Miserable, melancholy, disturbed and depleted mothers go to the essential consideration all the more regularly however with issues identified with their kid just and not themselves. True strategies and solid procedures are mandatory so as to perceive wretchedness and

I would like to find an astronomer to talk to

I would like to find an astronomer to talk to I just returned from a weeks vacation with family and friends. I put vacation in quotations not because it wasnt wonderful it was but only because, as is so often the case with vacations, I return from mine more exhausted than when I embarked. So Ive spent most of the day digging out from under the work that accumulated while I was not working, and take what comfort I can from the knowledge that I was gone but certainly not forgotten. Ive got a blog post in the works about how to write your college essays. I just finished working with the MITES and E2 kids so this subject is both fresh in my mind and timely for yours as the application season approaches. I hope to post it some day soon. That day is not this day. Today I am just going to rip a post from Ta-Nehisi Coates an editor at The Atlantic and one of my favorite bloggers in which he quotes the introduction to  E.L. Doctorows novel City of God. I quote it for the same reasons TNC did in his post: because its a shocking reminder of the strength of good writing. Reading this introduction is like being kicked in the face by an ox, except rather than concussing the reader it snaps everything into focus. No hidden message or commentary from me here. Just good writing. Read and enjoy. So the theory has it that the universe expanded exponentially from a point, a singular space/time point, a moment/thing, some original particulate event or quantum substantive happenstance, to an extent that the word explosion is inadequate, though the theory is known as the Big Bang. What we are supposed to keep in mind, in our mind, is that the universe didn't burst out into pre-existent available space, it was the space that blew out, taking everything with it in a great expansive flowering, a silent flash into being in a second or two of the entire outrushing universe of gas and matter and darkness-light, a cosmic floop of nothing into the volume and chronology of spacetime. Okay? And universal history since has seen a kind of evolution of star matter, of elemental dust, nebulae, burning, glowing, pulsing, everything flying away from everything else for the last fifteen or so billion years. But what does it mean that the original singularity, or the singular originality, which included in its submicroscopic being all space, all time, that was to voluminously suddenly and monumentally erupt into concepts that we can understand, or learn-what does it mean to say that ... the universe did not blast into being through space but that space, itself a property of the universe, is what blasted out along with everything in it? What does it mean to say that space is what expanded, stretched, flowered? Into what? The universe expanding even now its galaxies of burning suns, dying stars, metallic monuments of stone, clouds of cosmic dust, must be filling ... something. If it is expanding it has perimeters, at present far beyond any ability of ours to measure. What do things look like just at the instant's action at the edge of the universe? What is just beyond that rushing, overwhelming parametric edge before it is overwhelmed? What is being overcome, filled, enlivened, lit? Or is there no edge, no border, but an infinite series of universes expanding into one another, all at the same time? So that the expanding expands futilely into itself, an infinitely convoluting dark matter of ghastly insensate endlessness, with no properties, no volume, no transformative elemental energies of light or force or pulsing quanta, all these being inventions of our own consciousness, and our consciousness, lacking volume and physical quality in itself, a project as finally mindless, cold, and inhuman as the universe of our illusion. I would like to find an astronomer to talk to. I think how people numbed themselves to survive the camps. So do astronomers deaden themselves to the starry universe? I mean, seeing the universe as a job? (Not to exonerate the rest of us, who are given these painful intimations of the universal vastness and then go about our lives as if it is no more than an exhibit at the Museum of Natural History.) Does the average astronomer doing his daily work understand that beyond the celestial phenomena given to his study, the calculations of his radiometry, to say nothing of the obligated awe of his professional life, lies a truth so monumentally horrifying-this ultimate context of our striving, this conclusion of our historical intellects so hideous to contemplate-that even one's turn to God cannot alleviate the misery of such profound, disastrous, hopeless infinitude? That's my question. In fact if God is involved in this matter, these elemental facts, these apparent concepts, He is so fearsome as to be beyond any human entreaty for our solace, or comfort, or the redemption that would come of our being brought into His secret.

Chinese Language Characters as Pictographs

A common misconception about Chinese characters is that they are pictures. I have met many people who dont study Chinese who think that the writing system works much like rebuses where pictures represent concepts and meaning is communicated by listing many such pictures next to each other. This is partly correct, there are a number of Chinese characters that are actually drawn from just looking at the world; these are called pictographs. The reason I say that its a misconception is that these characters make up a very small portion of the total number of characters (perhaps as little as 5%). Since they are so basic and easy to understand, some teachers give their students the false impression that this is the way characters are normally formed, which is not true. This makes Chinese feel much easier, but any learning or teaching method built on this will be limited. For other, more common ways of forming Chinese characters, please read this article. Still, it is important to know how pictographs work because they are the most basic kind of Chinese character and they appear frequently in compounds. Learning pictographs is relatively easy if you know what they represent. Drawing a Picture of Reality Pictographs were originally pictures of phenomena in the natural world. Over the centuries, some of these pictures have morphed beyond recognition, but some are still clear. Here are some examples: Ã¥ ­  child (zÇ ) mouth (kÇ’u)æÅ"ˆ moon (yuà ¨) mountain (shÄ n)æÅ" ¨ tree (mà ¹)ç” ° field (tià ¡n) While it might be hard to guess what these characters mean the first time you see them, its relatively easy to recognize the drawn objects once you know which they are. This makes them easier to remember as well. If you want to see how some common pictographs have evolved, please check the pictures here. The Importance of Knowing Pictographs Even though its true that only a small proportion of Chinese characters are pictographs, that doesnt mean that they arent important. First, they represent some very basic concepts that students need to learn early on. They arent necessarily the most common characters (those are usually grammatical in nature), but they are still common. Second, and more importantly, pictographs are very common as components of other characters. If you want to learn to read and write Chinese, you have to break characters down and understand both the structure and the components themselves. Just to give you a few examples, the character Ã¥  £ (kÇ’u) mouth appears in hundreds of characters related to speaking or sounds of different kinds! Not knowing what this character means would make learning all those characters much harder. Likewise, the character æÅ" ¨ (mà ¹) tree above is used in characters that represent plants and trees, so if you see this character in a compound next to (usually to the left) of a character you have never seen before, you can be reasonably sure that its a plant of some sort. To get a more complete picture of how Chinese characters work, though, pictographs arent enough, you need to understand how they are combined in different ways: Character type 1: PictographsCharacter type 2: Simple ideogramsCharacter type 3: Combined ideographsCharacter type 4: Semantic-phonetic compounds

Can Technology Affect Ethics and Culture - 1013 Words

Can Technology Affect Ethics and Culture? Jeremiah Johnson TEC/401 Linda Poole November 16, 2006 Can Technology Affect Ethics and Culture? In today s work environment, workers are expected to know more than ever before. With the growing of technology comes more knowledge that end-users must know, so it is important for workers not to be distracted by unethical practices. However, with technology also comes a more defined sense of communication, which can be good or bad. This improved communication can not only encourage unethical behavior, but it can discourage it as well. This paper discusses how technology can encourage and discourage unethical behaviors, it explains how these behaviors can shape the type of work environment†¦show more content†¦Consequentially, in this case, work ethics can shape a company s culture for the better or for the worst, depending on how co-workers and managers react among each other s cultural diversity. If the employer were to realize that in order to obtain the diversity that a cross-functional team has to offer, sacrifices (training) n eed to be made; his/her company would likely grow in the long run. This is why it is important to have an HR manager handy to make these decisions. An HR manager can do many things with technology to affect a companies culture. For instance, some companies have a wide variety of cultural backgrounds. If the HR managers of these companies do some research on the Internet, they will find an abundance of information about the different cultures of their companies employees. Then they can make copies of the information and make it a mandatory duty for each employee (including management) to learn the different cultures. This might prevent future conflicts of offending natures. Another thing that they could do is make sure that the company has a strict policy about e-mails, Internet surfing, and malicious software that could offend people. Furthermore, purchase any software that can prevent any of these computer problems. Technology can be used effectively or destructively to set ethical standards and shapeShow MoreRelatedManagement and Company1613 Words   |  7 Pages2010 Joe Cheng Internal/External Factors Companies are being challenged every day with factors that affect their primary management functions. Globalization, technology, innovation, diversity, and ethics are just some of the factors companies are facing that can affect functions of management. Managers are trained to identify these factors and analyze how they will affect the functions of their management. Planning, organizing, leading, and controlling are the four functions managersRead MoreSpecial Issues Paper1542 Words   |  7 Pagesthought I knew everything I needed about communication. Well as you can guess, I was wrong I have learned quite a bit along this long journey through Introduction to Communication. I am here writing about some of the key points of communication that I have learned and hopefully I will be able to show you that I was able to learn from you and your course. This last week we have been learning about diversity, ethics, technology and mass communication. These four words seem to not have anything inRead MoreGoogle Paper1449 Words   |  6 Pagesways it affects the four functions of management. The internal factors include the company’s strength and weakness that displays their success or downfall. The internal factors reveal the company’s strength on how well it can meet their goals. The internal factors of an industry are factors of good or poor planning because it exposes their ethics, diversity, globalization, and so forth. On the other hand, the external factors may involve with their outside competition, social legal, technology changesRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Trends1159 Words   |  5 Pagesand do in and around organizations. Organizational Culture is the basic pattern of common assumptions, values, and beliefs leading the way employees within an organization think about and act on problems and opportunities. Organizational Trends are patterns of change over time in some variable of interest. In this paper we will evaluate two trends in organizational behavior. The influence of ethics on decision-making and the impact of technology on work-related stress will be examined. OrganizationalRead MoreIKEA Environmental Factors1202 Words   |  5 Pagesfactors that affect IKEA’s global and domestic marketing decisions. An analysis of those factors, the influence of the global economic interdependency and the effect of trade practices and agreements, the demographic and physical infrastructure, the cultural differences, social responsibility and ethics versus legal obligations, the effect of political systems and the influence of international relations and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, and finally the effect of technology are discussedRead MoreDrivers of Globalization1075 Words   |  5 PagesDrivers of Globalization In today’s growth of technology companies can be based in one country and operate business on the other side of the world. Becoming a global organization has helped economies that would otherwise struggle. Instead of only being able to reach thousands of consumers an organization is now able to reach millions. An organization usually seeks to go global to increase revenue. Whether it is a small organization looking to build profits or a large publically traded organizationRead MoreBusiness Ethics And Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1382 Words   |  6 PagesSOLUTION Business Ethics Business ethics are moral principles that guide the way a business behaves. The same principles that determine an individual’s actions also apply to business. Acting in an ethical way involves distinguishing between â€Å"right† and â€Å"wrong† and then making the â€Å"right† choice. It is relatively easy to identify unethical business practices. For example, companies should not use child labor. They should not unlawfully use copyrighted materials and processes. They should not engageRead MoreThrough The Looking Glass : Article Review856 Words   |  4 PagesViews of Ethics and the Workplace† demonstrates three possible explanations for self-evaluating the process of ethical decision making. This is a thought provoking article, which explains the ambiguous human perspective on ethical behavior. Although there are no specific studies associated with this article, it does however theorize that there are three specific observations, which best explain work related ethical behaviors. The scholarly article’s hypothesizes that human instincts, cultures, and polarizingRead MoreDefining Cultural Issue within the Global Organization880 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal organizations and cultures Culture in any society or organization defines how people or human beings unite with other people to form groups as they distinct themselves for their uniqueness. The perspectives of the culture are usually sensual in individuals, where they are able to create different activities consumed by their senses. However, in todays society there are still some cultural issues within the global organization that affects the organizations interactions more so outsideRead MoreNike1270 Words   |  6 Pagesthe functions, factors such as globalization, technology, innovation, diversity, and ethics affect how the company manages the business. This paper identifies how Nike successfully manages their business through the four functions of management and the various factors that affect them The four functions of management at Nike can be affected by various factors such as globalization, technology, innovation, diversity, and ethics. Globalization affects planning because Nike is a global company and

Futures contract Free Essays

A formal treatment of this issue is provided by Easily, O’Hara, and Carnivals (1998), who allow the participation of informed traders in the option market to be decided endogenously in an equilibrium framework. In their model, informed investors choose to a â€Å"pooling quill? Trade in both the option and the stock market? In barium†? When the leverage implicit in options is large, when the liquidity in the stock market is low, or when the overall fraction of informed traders is high. Our main empirical result directly tests whether the stock and option market are in he pooling equilibrium of Easily, O’Hara, and Carnivals (1998). We will write a custom essay sample on Futures contract or any similar topic only for you Order Now Using option trades that are initiated by buyers to open new positions, we form put-call ratios to examine the predictability of option trading for future stock price movements. We find predictability that is strong in both magnitude and statistical significance. For our 1990 through 2001 sample period, stocks with positive option signals (I. E. , those with lowest quintile put-call ratios) outperform those with negative option signals (I. E. , those with highest quintile put-call ratios) by over 40 basis points per day and 1% per eek on a risk-adjusted basis. When the stock returns are tracked for several weeks, the level of predictability gradually dies out, indicating that the information contained in the option volume eventually gets incorporated into the underlying stock prices. Although our main empirical result clearly documents that there is informed trading in the option market, it does not necessarily imply that there is any market inefficiency, because the option volume used in not our main test? Which is initiated by buyers to open new positions? Is publicly observable. Indeed, information-based models [e. , Glisten and Milord (1985); Easily, O’Hara, and Carnivals (1998)] imply that prices adjust at once to the public information contained in the trading process but may adjust slowly to the private information possessed by informed traders. As a result, the predictability captured in our main test may well correspond to the process of stock prices gradually adjusting to the private component of information in option trad ing. Motivated by the differing theoretical predictions about the speed at which prices adjust to public versus private information, we explore the predictability of publicly errors nonpublic observable option volume. For Journal that 25, example, July 2002,the Wholesaler reported theChicagoBoardOptions was â€Å"unusual activity† options shares Whet, pharmaceuticals investigating trading in Madison, which tactical based increase trading volume earlier NJ, giant superintendence’s month. Option occurred before release a government bathe study peptic days American Medical Association documented a heightened abreast risk heart cancer, coronary of the who disease, strokes, bloodspots women had benefiting Whitey’s hormone-replacement drug years. Preemptor many 872 innovation Delimitation Following previous empirical studies in this area [e. . , Easily, O’Hara, and Carnivals (1998); Chain, Chunk, and Font (2002)], we use the Lee and Ready (1991) algorithm to ba ck out buyer-initiated put and call option volume from publicly observable trade and quote records from the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CUBE). We find that the resulting publicly observable option signals are able to predict stock returns for only the next one or two trade days. Moreover, the stock prices subsequently reverse which raises the question of whether the predictability from the public signal is a manifestation of rice pressure rather than informed trading. In a abbreviate analysis which includes both the public and the nonpublic signals, the nonpublic signal has the same pattern of information-based predict? Ability as when it is used alone, but there is no predictability at all from the public signal. This set of findings underscores the important distinction between public and nonpublic signals and their respective roles in price discovery. Further, the weak predictability exhibited by the public signal suggests that the economic source of our main result is valuable private information in the option volume rather than an inefficiency across the stock and option market. Central to all information-based models is the roles of informed and uninformed traders. In particular, the concentration of informed traders is a key variable in such models with important implications for the innovativeness of trading volume. Using the PIN variable proposed by Easily, Kefir, and O’Hara (1997) and Easily, Heavier, and O’Hara (2002) as a measure of the prevalence of informed traders, we investigate how the predictability from option volume varies across underlying stocks with efferent concentrations of informed traders. We find a higher level of predictability from the option signals of stocks with a higher prevalence of informed traders. 2 Although the theoretical models define informed and uninformed trap? Deer strictly in terms of information sets, we can speculate outside of the models about who the informed and uninformed traders might be. Our data set is unique in that in addition to recording whether the initiator of volume is a buyer or a seller opening or closing a position, it also identifies the investor class of the initiator. We find that option signals from investors who trade through full-service brokerage houses discount brokerage houses. Given that the option volume from felicities brokerages includes that from hedge funds, this result is hardly surprising. It is interesting, however, that the option signals from firm proprietary traders contain no information at all about future stock price † Given stocks PIN smaller could driven the that be stocks, result higher artistically by fact there higher from stocks. Show that is notches. Len this signals smaller predictability option PIN result remains size. Intact controlling after particular, 73 studies n 3 2006 movements. In the framework of the information-based models, this result suggests market primarily for hedging purposes. Finally, a unique feature of the MultiMate stock and option setting is the availability of securities with differing leverage. Black (1975) asserted that leverage is the key variable which determines whether informed investors choose to trade in the option market, and Easily, O’Hara, and Carnivals (1998) demonstrated that under a natural set of assumptions this is indeed the case. Motivated by these considerations, we investigate how the predictability documented n our main test varies across option con? Races with differing degrees of leverage. We find that option signals constructed from deep out-of-the-money (TOM) options, which are highly leveraged contracts, exhibit the greatest level of predictability, whereas the signals from contracts with low leverage provide very little, if any, predictability. 3 The rest of the article is organized as follows. In Section 1, we synthesize the existing theory literature and empirical findings and develop empirical specifications. We detail the data in Section 2, present the results in Section 3, and conclude in Section . 1. Option Volume and Stock Prices 1. 1 Theory The theoretical motivation for our study is provided by the voluminous literature that addresses the issue of how information gets incorporated into asset prices. In this subsection, we review the theoretical literature with a focus on insights that are directly relevant for our empirical study. In particular, we concentrate on the linkage between information genre? Dated by the trading process and the information on the underlying asset value, the role of public versus private information, and the process of price adjustment. 4 The issue of how information gets incorporated into asset prices is central to all information-based models. Although specific modeling approaches differ, information gets incorporated into security prices as a result of the trading behavior of informed and uninformed traders. In the sequential trade model of Glisten and Milord (1985), How to cite Futures contract, Papers

Fundamentals of Database _Assignment

Questions: 1. Which account is designated as the owner of a relation? What privileges does the owner of a relation have?2. How is the view mechanism used as an authorization mechanism?3. Discuss the types of privileges at the account level and those at the relation level.4. What are the main reasons for and potential advantages of distributed databases?5. What additional functions does a DDBMS have over a centralized DBMS? Answers: 1. With respect to some specific relation, an owner account is the user account that have all controls over that relation. Owner can have maximum privileges on the relation. An owner of the relation can have the following privileges, Selection Modification Referencing With respect to that relation. 2. With respect to a database, a view is a set of records from a query and is represented as a virtual relation. It is not a part of the physical schema of the database, rather it is a virtually calculated set of records those are processed dynamically from the database. Views can also be used in access control mechanism. These can be used to grant access limits on some relation for multiple users. For example, in an office, there will be payroll information of all employees. Now, the accountant have access to the payroll relation. CEO is an employee, so the payroll information of the CEO will also be in the payroll relation. But an account should not have access control to all payroll information of the CEO. Thus, view will be used to separate the access control on the same physical relation payroll. It will give different level of access control on the data of the payroll relation. 3. Granting privilege is related to the concept of authorization of the identifier for some user account. A user will have some set of access restrictions to some relations of the database. When the user will need to access some relation, the system will check for the set of relations and access controls that have been granted previously to that user, if it matches, then the user will have access to the requested information from some relation. Assignment of privileges to some user can be any of the two types. Those are, Account level The DBA of the database will set the privileges in this level. The privileges will be effective independently to each of the relations of the database. Relation level Again the DBA will set the privileges to relations or views of the database. 4. Distributed databases works based on some network. The potential advantages of distributed databases are, It is easier and more flexible for development of applications. It performs better. It is scalable. 5. The additional features of distributed database over the same in centralized database are, It keeps track of distribution, replication and fragmentation of data. It supports distributed query processing over a network. It supports distributed transaction management, data replication management, distributed recovery management. There is distributed catalog management. The overall complexities of the above features is lesser in distributed database compared to centralized databases. References Cellary, W., T. Morzy, E. G. (2014). Concurrency Control in Distributed Database Systems. Elsevier. Elmasri, R., Navathe, S. B. (2013). Fundamentals of Database Systems. Pearson . Mullins, C. S. (2013). Database Administration: The Complete Guide to DBA Practices and Procedures. Addison-Wesley Professional. zsu, M. T., Valduriez, P. (2011). Principles of Distributed Database Systems. Springer. Rahimi, S. K., Haug, F. S. (2010). Distributed Database Management Systems. John Wiley Sons. Silberschatz, A., Korth, H. F., Sudarshan, S. (2011). Database System Concepts (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Cancer Staging and Skilled Helper Model Essay Example

Cancer Staging and Skilled Helper Model Essay OVERVIEW OF THE SKILLED HELPER MODEL Gerard Egan described 3 stages in his helping model, which he sees as a â€Å"map that helps . . . in your interactions with clients†. †  Each stage can support the helpee in asking a question of themselves. Stage 1: Current scenario: â€Å"What is here? † †¢ This is about building a trusting relationship with the helpee and helping them to explore and clarify their problem situation. †¢ It deals with what is happening now for the helpee. Stage II: Preferred scenario: â€Å"What do I want here? † †¢ This is about helping the helpee to identify what they want. †¢ It is about identifying what options are open to the helpee. Stage III: Action: â€Å"How might I help this to happen? † †¢ This is about supporting the helpee to look at how they might help themselves. †¢ It is about looking at possible outcomes Note: The stages do not necessarily follow this order helping relationships do no t move in a straight line! Client-centred helping is fluid and flexible – and follows the helpee – perhaps moving in a spiral, round and down. This model is useful in helping us to look at the different ‘stages’ that we might experience with a helpee as our relationship develops. † Egan, G. (1994) The Skilled Helper: a Problem Management Approach to Helping. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company (361. 323) Overview of Skilled Helper Model, H Baker, 2009 Helper Skills: empathy; upr; congruence; making maintaining contact; reflecting; attending(to behaviour feeling); clarifying; paraphrasing. Helper Skills: Stage I + identifying themes; focussing; offering alternative perspectives; sharing helper experience/feelings; helping client move to Stage III. Helper Skills: Stage II + facilitate helpee in developing and choosing ways to help self; helping helpee to consider and evaluate their choices. We will write a custom essay sample on Cancer Staging and Skilled Helper Model specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cancer Staging and Skilled Helper Model specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cancer Staging and Skilled Helper Model specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Cultural and Diversity Management Interview

Cultural and Diversity Management Interview Introduction Cultural and diversity management is paramount to the success of modern organizations. The world comprises many regions and people who have varying linguistic abilities, religious affiliations, and races among other aspects. These factors give rise to diversity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural and Diversity Management Interview specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, it is vital to assess the importance of cultural and diversity management in the accomplishment of both individual and organizational goals. This paper provides insight into cultural and diversity management by analyzing two interviews conducted on individuals from different backgrounds. Methodology The interview applies various steps that provide the basis for collecting data on diversity and cultural variations amongst the individuals. The interview questions are open-ended to enable the interviewee expound the issues rather than providing direct answers. As a result, the interviewer obtained more information about their experiences in their cultural environments. The interviewer moderated the session seeking clarifications where the experience was unclear. Regional Diversity My first respondent was a Japanese citizen who reported having worked in the United States for the last nine years. Interviewer: What have you achieved from the embracement of diversity and multiculturalism in your organization? Interviewee: The world has become a pool of individuals who come from diverse cultural and racial origins. As a result, they have assorted mindsets on various spheres of living. Working with people from different cultural groupings brings promotes the accomplishment of common goals, motivation, and inter-ethnic acceptance. These variations have provided me with skills to distinguish between various tastes of life, opinions, perspectives, and unique experiences. Sharing life experiences has variously inspir ed me on the verge of giving up.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Interviewer: As Japanese, how has been your work experience in the United States? Interviewee: I have acquired a plethora of experiences that such as life skills, acceptance of cultural diversity, endurance, and racial prejudice among others. The United States is a multi-cultured continent with the highest number of people who come from the other continents. I have learned to incorporate the ideas of other cultures in individual and workplace decision-making processes. Interviewer: What are the benefits that accrue from this cultural awareness and diversity? Interviewee: The benefits that accrue from the existence of diversity have significantly expanded my perspectives on various workplace dilemmas related to management. Diversity has improved my creativity and innovation capabilities. In an attempt to maintain diversity, individuals use their uniqueness as an identification tool. Diversity and cultural inclusion in the work environment have variously helped me to formulate informed decisions. I have ventured into numerous innovations and discoveries. Earlier this year, the science club in our school was involved in a project to campaign for a particular change in our college. As an active member, I was chosen to spearhead the scientific innovation. The embracement of multiculturalism in institutions also promotes the control and maintenance of morals and appropriate behavior among people. People strive to maintain their culture through moral uprightness and adherence to its provisions. Analysis Variations that exist among different people underpin the understanding and appreciation of diversity. The acknowledgment of the behaviors, attitudes, perceptions, and values of other people greatly influences one’s behavior. For instance, learning the culture of other people hel ps individuals to understand and respect them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural and Diversity Management Interview specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Diversity brings forth the appreciation of varied values that comprise the cultures of other people for the promotion of a peaceful coexistence. This state of events builds an understanding of the race, age, physical, religious, social, political, ethnic, and sexual differences that exist among diverse individuals. Discussion The embracement of diversity in different geographical, racial, and cultural areas helps an individual to develop an understanding of various organizational dilemmas that have significant effects the formulation of sound management decisions. Romanenko (2012) affirms that students from various parts of the world can perform better as compared to those from the same locality if diversity is embraced in the learning institutions. The perceptio ns of employees and their engagement in the organizational activities are paramount to the accomplishment of diversity initiatives. The interview reveals that organizations should consider the employee involvement as an integral part of their success strategies (Romanenko, 2012). Learning The interview provided insight into the appreciation of diversity and multiculturalism. It is clear that various benefits accrue from the implementation of diversity among institutions that comprise different cultural and racial orientations. The interview also reveals that the failure to embrace cultural and diversity integration in organizations can hinder the accomplishment of various business goals. However, organizational leaders should play a crucial role in ensuring that they appreciate diverse individuals by adopting management strategies that offer equal opportunities, especially in the workplace. In the light of the interview, a greater assimilation and absorption of cultures will bring a bout the integration of diverse talents in the organization. This situation promotes the accomplishment of the organizational goals (Andrevski, Richard, Shaw, Ferrier, 2014). Cultural Variations and Diversity The second interview involved a Black American, who worked in a public organization in the United States. Having been in the public domain for a couple of decades, the respondent explicates various experiences that she has gained from the existence of cultural variations and diversity.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Interviewer: How do you perceive the management of the world’s diversity populations in the public organization? Interviewee: The world has diverse populations that present unique cultures to the global sphere. The blending of different cultural practices in the public organization eases the interactions between people thereby enhancing peaceful coexistence. The appreciation of the various provisions of these cultures in the organization significantly helped in resolving various social mayhems hindered the achievement of targets. Interviewer: How can cultural diversity promote global integration? Interviewee: Cultural variations provide an opportunity for experiencing a different taste of life. The appreciation of cultural diversity provides a basis for developing a common ground for understanding the uniqueness of the world’s communities. This set of circumstances underpins the integration of global communities. Besides, it brings about cultural assimilation and absor ption, which provides a framework for the development of modern social institutions. Interviewer: For that reason, do you think the individual cultures are becoming less vital to us? Interviewee: With the rising cultural assimilation, people have adopted other cultures. The copying of practices has been associated with the lack of appreciation of individual cultures. Other individuals perceive that some cultures are superior as compared to theirs. Nevertheless, people should learn to appreciate and preserve their cultures to avoid losing their uniqueness. Analysis The cultural diversity and distinctness we experienced in the past may be on the verge of extinction because of assimilation. However, the diversity brings together the experiences and perceptions of different people from various parts of the world (Bartikowski Walsh, 2015). Diversity surpasses the moral imperatives that are held in most organizations. Indeed, Tierney (2007) affirms that it has become a global necessity t hat binds diverse civil societies. Discussion With cultural and diversity in the world, greater achievements are achieved. For instance, the people benefit from the shared experiences that arise from global integration (Tierney, 2007). People have diverse beliefs about the existence of different cultures across the world. The uniqueness associated with these variations helps individuals view situations with different perspectives. According to Andrevski et al. (2014), multiculturalism provides the best environment for individual, team, and organizational growth. For instance, cultural diversity promotes the applicability of different approaches to various issues since it underpins the development of robust problem-solving techniques (Kottak, 2011). Both leaders and employees should play a critical role in the promotion of diversity values. Andrevski et al. (2014) suggests that diversity values should be aligned with the organizational strategies. The interview shows that the benefit s reaped from diversity and cultural embracement are important for employee motivation. Learning There is a need to preserve cultural diversity in the modern world since it is paramount to the provision of a wide range of talents to organizations. With consultations brought about by this diversity, it is possible to make decisions on various organizational dilemmas that hinder development. Sharing and exchanging ideas also promotes innovation and creativity. The respondent feels that cultural assimilation is minimizing diversity values that exist amongst different cultures across the globe. Although this statement is true, diversity entails not only the cultural values of a particular community but also other aspects such as experience, skills, social values, and innovative abilities among others. Reference List Andrevski, G., Richard, O., Shaw, J., Ferrier, W. (2014). Racial Diversity and Firm Performance the Mediating Role of Competitive Intensity. Journal of Management, 40(3), 8 20-844. Bartikowski, B., Walsh, G. (2015). Attitude toward cultural diversity: A test of identity Related antecedents and purchasing consequences. Journal of Business Research, 68(3), 526-533. Kottak, C. (2011). Cultural Anthropology: Appreciating CulturalDiversity. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Romanenko, A. (2012). Cultural Diversity Management in Organizations: The Role of Psychological Variables in Diversity Initiatives. Retrieved from http://othes.univie.ac.at/15821/1/2011-08-17_0647059.pdf Tierney, S. (2007). Accommodating cultural diversity. Aldershot, England: Ashgate.

Abnormal family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Abnormal family - Essay Example , this easy examines the various problems that women face all over the world such as relationship issues in marriage, their happiness, fertility issues, self identity, and freedom. I would like to thank my dear mother who took care of me and encouraged me to follow my dream of being a writer, despite being a woman. Notwithstanding all the problems she went through for educating her girl child, she was able to educate me to university level, and study the course of my dream. Thanks to all mothers out there who have done the same for their children in order to create a better world. Furthermore, I thank all female organizations that have purposed to educate women on the importance of fighting for their rights in relationships and independence. In the novel, the two women Jane and Akiko live in different parts of the world, but are connected by a cooking TV show known as ‘The American Wife’, which shows American housewives making wholesome American meat dishes (Ozeki 8). The show is produced by Jane the filmmaker, while Akiko watches it and prepares the meat dishes to her husband, but she runs to the bathroom to throw up. However, according to (Ozeki 12), the meat is used as a metaphor, in which the cows refers to women, chattel to wives, the meat or flesh refers to the bodies of women, as well as the sexual and the irreducible element of human identity. The television is used metaphorically to refer to the meat market, and Jane represents the physical image of the American housewives that satisfy the needs of the Japanese TV consumers. The year of meats is makes a deductive argument by highlighting lesbianism issues in the society. People in the society usually have negative attitudes towards people who are not heterosexual mainly in terms of relationships, identity and community. This is called homophobia and mainly leads to discrimination of such people. It occurs in terms of workplace discrimination, physical attacks, and homophobic jokes among others.

International Agreement of two companies Coursework

International Agreement of two companies - Coursework Example The decision of arbitrator is binding and easy to implement. CheapStock Corporation and George Limited are engaged in an agreement for five years. According to the contract, the involved parties should ask for arbitrator’s involvement if there is some dispute or disagreement. George Limited soon after a year wanted the termination of the agreement, which is regarded as a violation of the agreement by CheapStock due to which, suitable arbitration process is required. This paper includes a number of laws related to breach, termination of agreement and arbitration. Basis of Arbitration Arbitration is consensual: Arbitration process can be implementable if both parties agreed on it. In order to resolve the issues through arbitration, the parties at the time of agreement includes arbitration clause in it. The parties in disputes may refer the matter to arbitrator by submission of agreement executed between them. No one can withdraw from arbitration unilaterally1. The parties choose the arbitrator: Under the Arbitration rules parties can chose sole arbitrator to settle the disputes. Arbitration is neutral: The applicable law, language and venue of the arbitration is utmost important. Arbitration is a confidential procedure: In specific circumstances, the Rules empower a party to restrict access to its trade secrets or other confidential information to the arbitral tribunal or its advisor. The decision of the arbitral tribunal is final and legally enforceable by both sides2. Merits and Demerits of Arbitration Merits of arbitration are a) if the disputed matter is highly technical, arbitrators should have an expertise to deliver b) it is faster than the court proceedings c) cheaper and flexible d) its proceedings can be made confidential e) here language of arbitration can be chosen, whereas in judicial proceedings it cannot be chosen f) easily enforceable g) it limits the duration of the dispute and associated liability3. Demerits of arbitration are i) highly c omplex ii) in case arbitration is mandatory and binding, the parties deprive their rights to access the courts iii) ambiguous decisions cannot be reverted since limited scope for an appeal iv) fewer enforcement options than judgments in other legal systems v) not directly enforceable4. Arbitration Agreement In theoretical terms, it is a consensual process duly agreed by both the parties to comply with. Such sorts of agreement can be categorized as: a) if a dispute arises; it can be resolved through arbitrator b) submission agreements are those that signed after a dispute has arisen5. In the common wealth countries, the earlier is considered suitable. In the cited countries, each executor has to bear the cost in conventional arbitration and not in submission agreement. The law accepts validity of arbitration clauses in spite of its language not linked with legal contracts. Those clauses are: a) English law is applicable if venue arbitration is London b) suitability of clause c) if it is in line with the ICC Rules in London6. The competent court of law respect the clauses to resolve the disputes provided i) arbitrator should take into account the principles of practical business ii) globally acclaimed principles of law governing

Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)

Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) Spectral analysis, thermal behavior, XRD and morphology study in synthesis of carbon nanotubes decorated by Cysteamine Or A simple and efficient procedure for synthesis of Thiolic Composite with use Oxide Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube Or A simple and efficient procedure for synthesis of composite thiol with use oxide multi walled carbon nanotube and sulfur Or Behnam Maazinejad, Hamidreza Sadegh, Imran Ali, Ramin Shahryari Ghoshekandi, Vahid Ali Abstract In this paper, the effects of multi-Walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were studied as supports for the synthesis of MWCNT-COOH-Cysteamine nanocomposite. At first Purification MWCNT in H2SO4 and HNO3, solved and the solution earned ultrasound was to attain the equilibrium temperature to functionalization of carboxylate multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH). Then using Cysteamine hydrochloride and NHS and DMF and EDC and MWCNT-COOH the mixture was refluxing. The prepared on thiol derivatized nanocomposite were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction, Scanning electron microscope, FTIR spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Keywords MWCNTs, Carbon nanotubes, Functionalization, Cysteamine, Surface modification, Nanocomposite, Thiol, CNT 1. Introduction Nanotechnology is significantly impressive Science and Economy in the 21st century [1]. Carbon, in different forms, has been long used as the main constituent material of solid electrodes as a further too metal electrodes [2]. After the first Iijima elucidation of their structures in 1991 [3], carbon nanotubes have attracted considerable interdisciplinary interest [4]. Carbon nanotubes are promising additives for thermoplastics, due to their superior mechanical, thermal, magnetic and electrical properties [5]. To optimize the potential applications of carbon nanotubes, it is essential to modify the carbon nanotubes with functional groups and/or nanoparticles in order to integrate the carbon nanotubes into desired structures or attach suitable nanostructures to them [6]. Carbon nanotubes possess high flexibility, large aspect ratios (Normally >1000), unique internal structures, electrical conductivity, high chemical activity, low mass density, high electro active surface area, thermal stability and great mechanical strength [7]. CNTs have extraordinary electrical conductivity and heat conductivity and mechanical properties, they are probably the top electron field-emitter possible, and their material properties can accordingly approach closely the very high levels intrinsic to them [8]. Hence, CNT’s have received considerable attention for usage in chemistry and environmental remediation [9]. CNTs represent an exquisite class of nanomaterials that stepped into the nanomedicine arena not more than a decade behind [10]. The two main types of carbon nanotubes are the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), yet there are some other rare types such as fullerite, torus, and nanoknot [11]. Surface functional groups can modify the surface charge, functionality and reactivity of the surface, and increase the stability, and dispensability of Different materials [12-13]. Organic sulfur compounds are wide-spreading in numerous natural products and widely used as multiple artificial chemicals [14]. The structure and surface chemistry of organic thin films is a research region related to several interfacial processes, including biological events, lubrication, adhesion, wettability, corrosion, electrochemistry, and microelectronic fabrication. To acquire the optimum performance of a material or device in one of these applications, the organic thin film must be prepared with the right type, concentration, and arrangement of functional handle. Functionalization of carbon nanotubes is found to be an efficient way of modification processes which in public is divided in two main categories: noncovalent and covalent. Covalent functionalization is an irretrievable process of appendag e on the nanotube walls or tips it is based on the formation of a covalent coupling between functional entities and the carbon skeleton of nanotubes. Non-covalent functionalization is based on supramolecular complexation using different adsorption forces, such as van der Waals, hydrogen bonds, electrostatic force and Ï€-Ï€ stacking interactions. [57.15-55-56]. Thiols are the maximum reactive nucleophilic reagents among altogether the biological models investigated [16]. Thiol group is an alright ligand because of its strong affinity to various heavy metal ions as a result of Lewis acid–base interactions [17]. To various heavy metal ions as a result of Lewis acid–base interactions [3]. Thiol Derivatives paper Cysteamine an aminothiol, is used to decrease tissue cystine content in patients with nephropathic cystinosis, an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder in which intracellular cystine accumulates due to impaired redeploy out of lysosomes [18]. Cysteamine is a sulfhydryl containing compound which appears to arise from the decarboxylation of cysteine or the breakdown of pantetheine [19]. Scheme 1. Is a schematic Cysteamine. [20] Scheme 1. Cysteamine Table 2: Structure and characteristics of Cysteamine [21] Cysteamine () is one of the simplest molecules able to bond with the each atoms surface through its sulfur and nitrogen atoms and a prerequisite for the design of compact monolayers with acceptable properties is a fundamental understanding of the forces captive in the self-assembly process, and the characterization of the film at the molecular level [22]. Cysteamine as drug applications that have been noted in the table 3 below: Table 3 In this study, we functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes with carboxyl group and thiol-derivatized via condensation reaction between carboxylated-MWCNT powders and Cysteamine. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, TEM and TGA were used to characterize the presence of Cysteamine on the MWCNT-COOH surface. 2. Experimental Procedures 2.1. Materials Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with Purity 95 %, outer diameter and length and manufacturing method catalytic chemical vapor deposition were purchased from US Research Nanomaterials, Inc. Sulfuric acid (97 %, AR grade) and nitric acid (37%, AR grade) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF:98%), 1-ethyl-(3-3’-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC: 97%), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS: 99%) were purchased from Merck Millipore and Cysteamine hydrochloride (99%) were purchased from sigma Aldrich and used as received unless otherwise stated. 2.2 Characterization methods 2.2.1 X-ray diffraction (XRD) X-ray diffraction studies were carried out with an X-ray diffractometer (Model No. D8-Advance, Bruker AXS). 2.1.2 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) The functional groups on the MWCNTs surface were determined using Fourier transform infrared FTIR method (VERTEX 70, Brucker). FTIR spectrum of MWCNTS was recorded in the range of 4000– 400 using pellets method. 2.2.3 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) The morphologies and sizes of the nano-structures were characterized by transmission electron microscope â€Å"TEM† (PHILIPS EM 208). 2.2.4 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out using a TG Labsys DSC, Setaram. 2.2.5 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) The size and morphology of MWCNTs was investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (VEGA3, TESCAN). 2.3 Synthesis method At first [1] (1g) was treated with 20% hydrochloric acid for 120 min sonication, to remove impurities such as residual catalysts and amorphous carbons in the phase of synthesis , Then the sample was filtered with Millipore membrane filter 0.22 and washed many successive times with distilled water. 2.3.1 Oxidation of MWCNTs Multi-walled carbon nanotubes was synthesized by a formerly reported method [52-53]. 0.75 g of pristine MWCNTs was added to 180ml mixture of concentrated HNO3 and H2SO4 (1:3, v/v) and then ultrasonicated for a course of 140 min. then mixture was transferred to a flask equipped with a condenser and was refluxed with drastic shocking at 75 for 6 h. After cooling to Ambient temperature the mixture was filtered with filters paper and filtrated solid was washed thoroughly by deionized water until the filtrate pH was close to neutral. The filter sample was then dried in a vacuum oven at 80 oC for 120 min. The sample was abbreviated as MWCNT-COOH. 2.3.2 [1] Pavani, K. V., Gayathramma, K., Banerjee, A., Suresh, S. (2013). Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Extracts of Ipomoea i ndica Flowers. American Journal of Nanomaterials, 1(1), 5-8. [2] Garcà ­a-Gonzà ¡lez, R., Fernà ¡ndez-La Villa, A., Costa-Garcà ­a, A., Fernà ¡ndez-Abedul, M. T. (2013). Dispersion studies of carboxyl, amine and thiol-functionalized carbon nanotubes for improving the electrochemical behavior of screen printed electrodes. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 181, 353-360. [3] Sanagi, M. M., Hussain, I., Ibrahim, W. A. W., Yahaya, N., Kamaruzaman, S., Abidin, N. N. Z., Ali, I. (2014). Micro extraction of Xenobiotics and Biomolecules from Different Matrices on Nano Structures. Separation Purification Reviews, (just-accepted). [4] Sadegh, H., Shahryari-Ghoshekandi, R., Kazemi, M. (2014). Study in synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes decorated by magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. International Nano Letters, 4(4), 129-135. [5] Mahmoodi, M., Arjmand, M., Sundararaj, U., Park, S. (2012). The electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding of injection molded multi-walled carbon nanotube/polystyrene composites. Carbon, 50(4), 1455-1464. [6] Zhang, Q., Zhu, M., Zhang, Q., Li, Y., Wang, H. (2009). The formation of magnetite nanoparticles on the sidewalls of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Composites Science and Technology, 69(5), 633-638. [7] Mahmoodian, H., Moradi, O., Shariatzadeh, B. (2014). Grafting chitosan and polyHEMA on carbon nanotubes surfaces: â€Å"Grafting to† and â€Å"Grafting from† methods. International journal of biological macromolecules, 63, 92-97. [8] Moradi, O., Sadegh, H., Shahryari-Ghoshekandi, R., Norouzi, M. (2014). Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Nanomedicine: New Medical Approach for Tomorrow. Handbook of Research on Diverse Applications of Nanotechnology in Biomedicine, Chemistry, and Engineering, 90. [9] Bahrami, K., Khodaei, M. M., Soheilizad, M. (2009). Direct conversion of thiols to sulfonyl chlorides and sulfonamides. The Journal of organic chemistry, 74(24), 9287-9291. [10] Jain, S., Thakare, V. S., Das, M., Godugu, C., Jain, A. K., Mathur, R., Mishra, A. K. (2011). Toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with end defects critically depends on their functionalization density. Chemical research in toxicology, 24(11), 2028-2039. [11] Aqel, A., El-Nour, K. M., Ammar, R. A., Al-Warthan, A. (2012). Carbon nanotubes, science and technology part (I) structure, synthesis and characterisation. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 5(1), 1-23. [12] Wang, Y., Iqbal, Z., Mitra, S. (2006). Rapidly functionalized, water-dispersed carbon nanotubes at high concentration. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128(1), 95-99. [13] Saleh, T. A., Gupta, V. K. (2013). Covalent and Nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes.Advanced Carbon Materials and Technology, 317-330. [14] VukoviĆ¡, G. D., MarinkoviĆ¡, A. D., ÄŒoliĆ¡, M., RistiĆ¡, M. Ä ., AleksiĆ¡, R., PeriĆ¡-GrujiĆ¡, A. A., UskokoviĆ¡, P. S. (2010). Removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by oxidized and ethylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Chemical Engineering Journal, 157(1), 238-248. [15] Castner, D. G., Hinds, K., Grainger, D. W. (1996). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy sulfur 2p study of organic thiol and disulfide binding interactions with gold surfaces. Langmuir, 12(21), 5083-5086. [16] Holmgren, A., Sengupta, R. (2010). The use of thiols by ribonucleotide reductase. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 49(11), 1617-1628. [17] Vieira, E. S., Simoni, J. A. (1997). Interaction of cations with SH-modified silica gel: thermochemical study through calorimetric titration and direct extent of reaction determination. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 7(11), 2249-2252. [18] Gahl, W. A. (2003). Early oral Cysteamine therapy for nephropathic cystinosis. European journal of pediatrics, 162(1), S38-S41. [19] Kuņºmierek, K., Bald, E. (2008). Measurement of reduced and total Mercaptamine in urine using liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Biomedical Chromatography, 22(4), 441-445. [20] Reid, E. Emmet (1958). Organic Chemistry of Bivalent Sulfur 1. New York: Chemical Publishing Company, Inc. pp. 398–399. [21] Lukashin, B. P., Grebeniuk, A. N. (2000). [Comparative study of the radiation-protective effectiveness of low doses of cysteamine, heparin, and naphtizine in experiments on mice]. Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, 41(3), 310-312. [22] Bloxham, S., Eicherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Lorka, O., JakubÄ-nas, R., Niaura, G. (2003). Adsorption of Cysteamine at Copper Electrodes as Studied by Surfaceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Spectroscopy letters, 36(3), 211-226. [23] Dayalu, P., Albin, R. L. (2015). Huntington Disease: Pathogenesis and Treatment. Neurologic clinics, 33(1), 101-114. [24] Kurlan, R., Evans, R., Wrigley, S., McPartland, S., Bustami, R., Cotter, A. (2015). Tai Chi in Parkinson’s disease: A Preliminary Randomized, Controlled, and Rater-Blinded Study. Advances in Parkinsons disease, 4(01), 9. [25] Than, N. N., Newsome, P. N. (2015). A concise review of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Atherosclerosis. 239(1), 192–202. [26] Bordon, Y. (2015). Microbiota: Gut bacteria cross malaria. Nature Reviews Immunology, 15(1), 1-1. [27] Brawer, J.R. et al. (1994) the origin and composition of peroxidase-positive granules in cysteamine-treated astrocytes in culture. Brain Res. 633, 9–20. [52] Wu, T. M., Lin, Y. W. (2006). Doped polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites: Preparation, characterization and properties. Polymer, 47(10), 3576-3582. [53] Xu, J., Yao, P., Li, X., He, F. (2008). Synthesis and characterization of water-soluble and conducting sulfonated polyaniline/ para-phenylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes nano-composite. Materials Science and Engineering: B, 151(3), 210-219. [55] Ansari, R., Ajori, S., Rouhi, S. (2015). Elastic properties and buckling behavior of single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with diethyltoluenediamines using molecular dynamics simulations. Superlattices and Microstructures, 77, 54-63. [56] Bie, B. X., Han, J. H., Lu, L., Zhou, X. M., Qi, M. L., Zhang, Z., Luo, S. N. (2015). Dynamic fracture of carbon nanotube/epoxy composites under high strain-rate loading. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 68, 282-288. [57] Shi, Q., Yang, D., Su, Y., Li, J., Jiang, Z., Jiang, Y., Yuan, W. (2007). Covalent functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by lipase. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 9(6), 1205-1210. [1] Raw Carbon nanotubes( pure carbon nanotubes: p-MWCNT)

A Touchdown on Friendship

It was my uncle who made me realize that love could be shared to anyone or anything. Love could be shared with friends, it could be expressed through one’s passion, and it could even be shared with a favorite pet.   Through my uncle’s pet, I learned the true meaning of friendship and the true meaning of love.My uncle asked me to temporarily adopt his dog one summer since he would be moving out of the country due to work related issues.   I had no idea why he chose me to take care of his dog when he knew that I was quite irresponsible at the age of twelve.Maybe, it was the exact reason why he gave me the responsibility. The Dog’s name was Touchdown, a black Labrador who was already a year old. The first few days were torture for me.My room was located near the backyard where I initially placed Touchdown and he would howl his way to sleep. I assumed that he was missing my uncle and ignored his cries. However, three days of sleepless nights forced me to give him a check. The minute I opened the backdoor of the house, he pushed his way in and walked right to my bedroom.Right then and there, it was declared that my room was also his room. I normally woke up late since there was no school to worry about. My mother would often rap at my door to make sure that I woke up early and help with the chores. When Touchdown became my roommate, he also became my alarm clock. He would bark continuously to wake me so I could let him out to do his thing.While Touchdown has become a permanent fixture in my bedroom, he still seemed wary around me. There were times that he would still bark at me when I come home or he would ignore the commands I asked him.I complained this to my uncle during one of his phone calls. He told me that I have to gain Touchdown’s trust and show him my authority so that he would follow my commands.One dog lover friend told me that I have to spend more time with Touchdown to attain these. My bond with Touchdown grew as the wee ks passed by. He became my regular buddy and became a part of my peer group as well. I could consider the bond that we had as a genuine friendship between a child and a dog. I would have to say that Touchdown taught me what unconditional love meant.No matter how I scolded him and no matter how I neglected him when I was busy with other things he still remained loyal, affectionate, and trusting. Although he never talked to me, he had communicated his unconditional love to me with more than words. His actions told me that he was always there whenever I needed him. His love was unselfish and limitless.Touchdown changed my life that summer. When the summer ended, my uncle came back and took Touchdown with him. I was sad that Touchdown was leaving but was happy when I saw my uncle’s face and Touchdown’s reaction when they finally reunited. They looked so happy to see each other again. As much as I would have liked Touchdown to stay, I knew that he would be happier with my u ncle.I know my uncle wanted me to learn new things by giving me the responsibility of taking care of his dog. I am not sure, however, if he knew how deep the impact was. I am grateful that my uncle entrusted me his beloved dog one summer.Through Touchdown, I have learned the true meaning of friendship and love. Loving a friend means giving unconditional love, trust, and support. Learning that from a dog that could not even talk only proves that action speaks louder than words.

Childbirth and Midwifery Caring Person Essay

Midwifery became my passion at the age of 10, when my step-mother became pregnant. This sparked off my fascination with all aspects of pregnancy, insisting that I attended every antenatal appointment that I could. From this I discovered what a vital role midwives play in caring for mother and baby in the months leading up to the birth, the labour and the postnatal period. After having this interest for quite some time, I feel my aim now is to prosper in this subject by attending a university course; this will enable me to gain a greater understanding of the medical and practical side of midwifery. As two of my core qualities is to care and nurture, I feel I possess two of the vital attributes to pursue a career within the Health and My aspiration for a career in midwifery is reflected in my A-level choices, where good time keeping, self-motivated study skills and ability to cope under pressure and stress are essential. From studying Biology I have gained further knowledge of human biology, learning more about how our major body organs function and genes and genetic engineering. I found this particularly interesting as it is linked to reproduction. Since studying Psychology, I have gained a better understanding of people and how their minds perform. I can apply this knowledge to the way I interact and understand people in certain situations as my interpersonal skills have been expanded. Both of these subjects tested my ability to recall large volumes of knowledge, which has given me practice for similar situations that I will face whilst studying for a degree. Studying modules in Health and Social Care such as communication and values, and positive care environments has given me a greater awareness of how to communication verbally and physically to people, and how this is interpreted by them. Investigating disease has made me conscious of how easily diseases are spread, their effects and ways of preventing them. This is particularly important when working in a hospital environment, and being around pregnant women and young babies, as they are highly susceptible to infections. I am currently working on an Extended Project Qualification, my title is ‘What are the risks associated with teenage pregnancy and what are the roles of their midwives? ‘ Whilst carrying out this project I have learnt more about the challenges midwives face, and how they overcome them. It has also given me an insight into a specialist area of midwifery, caring for young people. Outside my academic studies, I volunteer at my local hospital. My role is to hand out beverages to the patients, and talk to them. This is important as it boosts their morale. I regularly volunteer on the maternity and gynaecology ward, and have experience on many other wards. This has given me an insight into the roles of different health professionals, and witness part of the process of midwifery. From this I have become more confident and comfortable in a hospital setting, and have a greater awareness of current NHS practices. This experience has also expanded my interpersonal and communication skills, I feel it also represents the committed and caring attitude of my personality. I have a part-time job in a clothes shop. From working in a retail environment and coming into contact with members of the public I have learnt how to work under pressure. It has also improved my organisational and time keeping skills and demonstrated the hardworking side of my character. I am excited by the prospect of having a high level of responsibility and independence that corresponds with university life. I am aware of the demands and challenges that I will face during my studies and within in a medical career, but my commitment and desire to become a midwife has been strengthened by my life and work experiences and the job satisfaction that I will gain from it. To gain practical experience I have recently applied

Alane Lim - ThoughtCo